Tuesday, December 31, 2019

Gun Control and Violence in United States of America - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 544 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/03/20 Category Society Essay Level High school Topics: Gun Control Essay Gun Violence Essay Did you like this example? Introduction The United States of America is one of the only few countries that constitutionally protects the right to bear arms. However, people in politics and the news have debated if there should be restrictions on what types or how many guns people can have in an effort to curb gun violence. Thus, when presented with this research project, we wanted to educate ourselves on this topic and look into what factors potentially contribute to gun violence in the United States. Dataset Preparation The question that we based our research project on was what factors could potentially lead to an increase or decrease in a states firearm mortality rate? However, before we could answer this question, we had to decide on some variables that we thought would have an significant impact on our response variable. In the end, we chose to focus on five variables. They were the number of gun laws, gun ownership rates, poverty rates, urban population percent, and the states political party. Our response variable was the firearm mortality rate, which is the number of all firearm deaths per state, both unintentional and intentional, per 100,000 people. When we began looking for data, we first explored Kaggle. However, there wasnt a dataset that had the variables we wanted to research. Thus, we had to gather the different variables through different sources, which was a challenge for us. In order to avoid biased data, we individually gathered firearm data state by state though the CDC and Censu s Bureau. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Gun Control and Violence in United States of America" essay for you Create order Our data contained four quantitative variables and one categorical variable. Our first quantitative variable was the number of gun laws. We hypothesized that a increase in the number of restrictions and regulations for guns would decrease the firearm mortality rate. For our second quantitative variable, gun ownership rate, we hypothesized that an increase in amount of guns people have would result in an increase in gun violence. Our third and fourth quantitative variables were the states poverty rate and urban population percent. Our prediction for the poverty rate was higher the rate, the higher the firearm mortality rate. This is because those who are better off financially will move away out of places with high rates of violence leaving those who are financially unable to. For the percent of urban population, we predicted that a state with higher percent would have more violence, hence, a higher percent of gun violence. The last variable we choose was the 2016 political party of a state. We were not sure what to predict for this categorical variable, but we thought it would be interesting to see if there was a relationship between this and the response variable. Multiple Linear Regression After we choose our predictors, we first checked for multicollinearity. Multicollinearity exists when two or more of our independent variables are highly correlated with each other. This is a problem if it exists because it can skew the results of our research. For example, multicollinearity can inflate our standard errors of our coefficients, which means that the results could potentially tell us that a variable is insignificant when it truly is. To test this, we used the VIF test in R Studio. In order to rule out multicollinearity, our VIF factor output would have to be less than ten.

Monday, December 23, 2019

Combat HIV / AIDS And Sub-Saharan Africa - 1363 Words

achieve, with numbers remaining fairly similar over the last couple of decades and growth as small as 2 percent in poorer regions such as sub-Saharan Africa (The Millennium, 2015). For a developed nation, the idea of giving birth to a child without a skilled physician nearby monitoring the situation, or clinician of some degree not assisting with the birthing process is unfathomable. Yet, this is a reality in many developing nations across the world, especially the rural communities such as those in Sub-Saharan Africa. The numbers indicate maternal death due to complications during child birth at being almost 14 times higher in these developing nations compared to their developed counterparts (The Millennium, 2015). The reality of the†¦show more content†¦Overall, the crisis of HIV/AIDS, especially in sub-Saharan Africa is still a major issue. Perhaps the biggest factor is that developed nations have become fairly complacent when considering the disease, as not only has its prevalence dropped significantly in most areas, but treatment through anti-retroviral regimens has managed to increase an infected person’s lifespan to a level almost matchin g an uninfected person’s average lifespan. Those in sub-Saharan Africa face several key issues with this disease. A lack of education regarding HIV/AIDS and a lack of health care facilities and medication to combat HIV/AIDS are perhaps two of the largest. The country unfortunately faces an upcoming crisis, with the youngest generation’s parents and caregivers becoming too sick or succumbing to the disease before vital education, such as the ability to farm a landscape suffering from desertification, is passed on (Sowing Seeds of Hunger). Ensure Environmental Sustainability Ensuring environmental sustainability was created with a focus more on the creation of programs and initiatives, than actual hard target points. With that in mind, the data has unfortunately shown an increase of over 50% in carbon dioxide emissions, a major contributor to global warming, and perhaps an indicator of global reliance on fossil fuels.Show MoreRelatedThe Environment Where Public Administration Is Being Implemented1490 Words   |  6 Pagesreduce socio-economic inequality, combat poverty, and support both social and private sector development, among others. The only way governments can accomplish this is to strengthen the public administrators in order to fulfill these need and ensure that expectations are met. An example of an environment this essay will delve into will be the sub-Saharan African environment. This environment in particular is affected by massive amounts of debt, poverty, HIV/AIDS, other diseases, famine, corruptionRead MoreHiv / Aids : A Virus That Attac ks One s Immune System989 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction HIV/AIDS is a virus that attacks one’s immune system, leading to one being immunocompromised and vulnerable to infections (Skolnik, 2012). According to Skolnik (2012), HIV is mainly spread through unprotected sex, through bodily fluids such as blood and can also be transmitted from mother to child through childbirth. HIV/AIDS remains one of the most highly known communicable diseases in South Africa (Avert, 2015). In addition to the 6.2 million people currently living with HIV, World HealthRead MoreThe Presence And Outbreak Of An Infectious Disease1176 Words   |  5 Pagespandemic that has had far reaching consequences is that of HIV (human immunodeficiency)/AIDS (acquired immune deficiency symptoms), which officially began in 1981 and since has taken the lives of over 39 million people worldwide (PBS). The HIV virus attacks one’s â€Å"T-cells,† which are vital to one’s immune system. Someone infected with the virus becomes increasingly susceptible to contracting infections (Immune System 101). People can contract the HIV virus through the following ways: in their mother’s wombRead MoreHiv Is A Disease?1574 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction HIV is a disease which eventually kills ones immune system, and as time progresses it leads to AIDS. When the HIV enters a human, it attaches itself to a CD4 receptor and continues to enter the T-Cell. It then reprograms the cell to produce more HIV using the enzyme, reverse transcriptase. The HIV then leaves the host cell, but kills it before it leaves. Then, the HIV cells attach their selves to new T cells, and infect those as well. After about 12 weeks, the HIV antibodies appear inRead MorePublic Health Problem Of The United States1677 Words   |  7 Pagesthe United States today is the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV, among the American population. Beginning in the 1980s, the U.S. public health system has been working vigorously to come up with effective methods for preventing the spread of this debilitating virus. HIV has persistently stayed within the human population due to the continual transmission of the disease. Before widespread transmission of HIV, th e two most transmissible way of contracting the disease was either usingRead MoreBenefits Of A Voluntary Counselling Center ( Vct )1721 Words   |  7 PagesHIV is considered a worldwide epidemic that is raging out of control especially in the sub-Saharan African countries. Thus being a termed as a chronic disease, rather than a deadly killer disease. It is known to be manageable if one tested early and knew their status, because one is able to seek voluntary counselling from a health provider. These centers are commonly known as voluntary counselling center (VCT) in most African countries. The world Health organization urges everyone worldwide to getRead MoreMedical Schools Are Lesotho And Swaziland890 Words   |  4 PagesThe only two Southern African countries that do not currently have medical schools are Lesotho and Swaziland. These two countries are both landlocked within South Africa so they may utilize the medical schools in South Africa. When looking at the class sizes, i t can be observed that most countries with medical school in South Africa do not produce more than 100 doctors a year. This leaves an extreme need for more doctors in the area because their ratio of doctors to patients is so minute. In comparisonRead MoreThe United Nation s Millennium Development Goals1021 Words   |  5 Pagesparticular goal of the UK’s Millennium Development, goal number six, is the combat of diseases such as HIV/AIDS and malaria in all countries. There are many countries that have made significant progress in the combat of disease; Nigeria is no exception. This is due to Nigeria exponentially increasing there treatment and counseling facilities for HIV/AIDS, along with the distribution of millions of insecticide-treated products to combat malaria. However, this doesn’t mean that their fight is over; and thereRead MoreTo What Extent Have the Millennium Development Goals Been a Success?1743 Words   |  7 Pagesmajor reduction of people living in e xtreme poverty. Accordingly, the proportion of poverty fell to less than one fifth from nearly a third between 1990 and 2004. However, the results are not consistent throughout the world. For instance, the sub-Saharan Africa has not been able to meet any of the set targets. On the contrary, there has been a significant economic growth in some parts of Asia, especially, the Eastern part. The following is a summary of the progress that has been made so far based onRead MoreThe Issue Of Aids And Hiv1726 Words   |  7 PagesThe Issue of AIDS and HIV Zoya Siddiqui In today’s world, it often seems like there are more issues to tackle than people have the capacity to handle. There is the global warming, poverty, hunger, wars, political conflicts, refugee conflicts, etcetera. Though all of these can seem daunting and hard to combat, none of them can be accomplished if the world’s population is not healthy. If people do not have the physical strength to think of new and innovative ways to take on these issues, then no progress

Sunday, December 15, 2019

Snickers Chocolate’s Global Share Free Essays

Global Candy Sales | | |Market Share |$ Sales in Millions | |Brand |Company |2011 |2012 |2011 |2012* | |Snickers |Mars Inc |1. 7 |1. 8 |$3,286 |$3,572 | |MM’s |Mars Inc |1. We will write a custom essay sample on Snickers Chocolate’s Global Share or any similar topic only for you Order Now 8 |1. |$3,380 |$3,494 | |Trident |Kraft Foods Inc |1. 8 |1. 7 |$3,354 |$3,321 | |Reese’s |Hershey Co, The |1. 3 |1. 4 |$2,553 |$2,679 | |Galaxy/Dove |Mars Inc |1. 3 |1. 3 |$2,407 |$2,597 | |Milka |Kraft Foods Inc |1. 3 |1. |$2,530 |$2,510 | |Cadbury Dairy Milk |Kraft Foods Inc |1. 3 |1. 3 |$2,414 |$2,506 | |Orbit |Mars Inc |1. 3 |1. 3 |$2,441 |$2,501 | |Extra |Mars Inc |1. 1 |1. 2 |$2,115 |$2,231 | |Kit Kat |Nestle SA |1. 0 |1. |$1,933 |$1,979 | |Mentos |Perfetti Van Melle Group |0. 9 |0. 9 |$1,649 |$1,711 | U. S. Candy Sales | | |Market Share |$ Sales in Millions | |Brand |Company |2011 |2012 |2011 |2012* | |Reese’s |Hershey Co, The |7. |7. 7 |$2,479 |$2,603 | |M’s |Mars Inc |6. 8 |6. 8 |$2,238 |$2,300 | |Snickers |Mars Inc |5. 5 |6. 0 |$1,815 |$2,020 | |Kit Kat |Hershey Co, The |2. 8 |2. 8 |$917 |$948 | |Twizzlers |Hershey Co, The |2. 3 |2. |$746 |$801 | |Trident |Kraft Foods Inc |2. 2 |2. 0 |$732 |$674 | |Twix |Mars Inc |1. 8 |1. 9 |$598 |$655 | |Extra |Mars Inc |1. 8 |1. 8 |$598 |$610 | |Orbit |Mars Inc |1. 7 |1. |$561 |$549 | |Milky Way |Mars Inc |1. 6 |1. 6 |$516 |$539 | |Galaxy/Dove |Mars Inc |1. 6 |1. 5 |$523 |$504 | |Starburst |Mars Inc |1. 3 |1. 4 |$433 |$467 | |Godiva |Yildiz Holding AS |1. 1 |1. |$373 |$391 | |*2012 figures are projections. Source: Euromonitor Internationa | | | | | |Snickers Surging to Top of Global Candy Race | |Mars-Owned Candy Bar Set to Pass Sibling MM’s, Kraft’s Trident in New Euromonitor Ranking | |By: E. J. Schultz Published: September 20, 2012 | |208share this page | |[pic][pic][pic][pic] | |There is a new candy kingpin. | |Snickers will pass MM’s as the top international confectionery brand by the end of the year, giving the 82-year-old candy bar a satisfying | |victory in the global chocolate wars, according to a projection by Euromonitor International. |Snickers is â€Å"definitely on target to surpass MM’s,† Lee Linthicum, Euromonitor’s global head of food research, told Ad Age. He cited U. S. | |innovations and strong growth in emerging markets as factors in moving the candy bar from No. 3 to No. 1, also surpassing Trident. Going | |forward, the race for the top is now a sibling rivalry because Mars Inc. owns Snickers and MM’s, which are separated by a razor-thin | |margin. | |While a win for Mars, the rankings are a loss for Kraft Foods’ Trident. The gum brand fell from second to third place as projected 2012 | |worldwide sales slipp ed to $3. 2 billion from $3. 35 billion in 2011. Kraft remains the global leader with 14. 7% share when all confectionery| |brands are totaled. But the food giant’s share of the category fell from 14. 8% in 2011, while No. 2 Mars jumped to 14. 4% from 14. 1%, | |according to Euromonitor. | |The shift at the top was first reported by Candy Snack Today, a publication by the National Confectioners Association. | |Among individual brands, the worldwide candy battle remains close and fragmented, with only a fraction of a share point separating the top | |10. |Snickers is expected to surge from $3. 29 billion in global sales last year to $3. 57 billion for 2012, capturing a 1. 8% share, according to | |Euromonitor projections. The brand, whose ad agency is BBDO, has been backed with major media investments in recent years, including Super | |Bowl spots featuring Betty White and Roseanne Barr, who have both stared in the ongoing â€Å"You’re Not You When You’re Hungr y† campaign. | |But M’s — which Mars featured in this year’s Super Bowl spot– is not far behind, growing from $3. 38 billion to $3. 9 billion in global | |sales, according to Euromonitor projections. | |Mr. Linthicum attributed Snickers’ climb to its strong performance in the U. S. , which accounts for a huge share of the global candy market. | |Domestically, the candy bar has aggressively pushed a line extension called Snickers Peanut Butter Squared, which launched last year and | |features two square-shape bars that adds peanut butter to the familiar mix of peanuts, caramel, nougat and milk chocolate. | |Globally, the brand is benefiting from strong growth in Eastern Europe. In Russia, sales have doubled since 2007 to $300 million, partly as | |a result of distribution gains Mars has made by acquiring some ex-Soviet chocolate companies, he said. While that should also help M’s, | |the bite-size candies face more competition in the region, where smaller candies are more established and familiar, Mr. Linthicum said. By | |contrast, candy bars like Snickers are more of a novelty, he said. | |In the U. S. , Hershey Co. ‘s Reese’s is expected to remain the top brand, with a projected $2. 6 billion in sales capturing 7. % market share | |for 2012, according to Euromonitor, which uses a variety of sources to track all sales channels, from Walmart to vending machines. MM’s, | |which is also handled by BBDO, is projected to hold onto the No. 2 slot stateside with 6. 8% share, followed by Snicker’s (6%) and Hershey’s | |Kit Kat (2. 8%). | |Still, Reese’s remains stuck in fourth place globally with 1. 4% share, accord ing to Euromonitor projections. The reasons are twofold: | |Hershey has less of a global footprint than Mars, Mr. Linthicum said. Also, peanut butter is not as popular in Europe as it is in the | |States. It is a â€Å"very uniquely American thing,† he said. â€Å"That sweet-savory juxtaposition of flavors is something of an acquired taste. † | |Mr. Linthicum pinned Trident’s struggles on stiff competition from Wrigley 5, the Mars-owned brand that launched in the states in 2007 with | |slick packaging, innovative flavors and a highly produced ad campaign by Energy BBDO called â€Å"Stimulate Your Senses. † | |The flashy appeal has resonated globally. â€Å"It’s even gaining share in Greece of all places,† Mr. Linthicum said. â€Å"Everywhere they release it| |around the world †¦ it’s worked. † In the U. S. , Wrigley 5 is now the 4th-largest gum brand with a 7. 43% share, according to SymphonyIRI, | |which excludes Walmart. | |Kraft, which on Oct. 1 will split off its candy and snacking business into a company called Mondelez International, is fighting back with | |its first global ad campaign for Trident by Saatchi Saatchi that is more emotional than previous efforts, which had touted functional | |benefits such as oral health and vitamins. Meanwhile, in the States Kraft recently rolled out â€Å"ID Gum by Stride,† featuring artsy packaging | |and a gimmick-filled campaign by Droga5. | How to cite Snickers Chocolate’s Global Share, Essay examples

Saturday, December 7, 2019

Is the U.S. Constitution Still Relevant free essay sample

The American lifestyle has changed dramatically over the last few centuries. There were many great American figures and inventions that helped shape these changes. But the most relevant part of history to the United States is the Constitution. Back in 1788, when the Constitution was created, Americans didnt worry about womens rights, minors possessing illegal drugs, or gay marriage because these issues werent a concern at the time. The delegates understood that the United States was a young and growing nation and that new problems would arise as the nation developed. The delegates also understood that the current issue of taxes would not remain a problem forever. James Madison said â€Å"In framing a system which we wish to last for ages, we should not lose sight of the changes which ages will produce.† So as to create a system that we could expand to accommodate a growing future, the framers gave the people the right to adjust the rules as the nation changed. We will write a custom essay sample on Is the U.S. Constitution Still Relevant? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If the Constitution was made only concerning the present issues then there would have to be a Constitutional Convention every few decades and the constitution would have to be rewritten and revised each time. All that would be unnecessary if the first time it was written to solidify any future problems. The constitution is mainly divided into two parts; the Bill of Rights (also known as the amendments) and the governmental structure. The amendments are statements that define the protection and freedoms a citizen has from the government. Because the original ten amendments were fairly basic and inclusive, only 27 amendments have been added to the Constitution out of the thousands that were proposed, thus, invoking the freedom to adjust it. Our founding fathers wanted America to be a place of freedom, and the framers to that to heart when writing the Bill of Rights. Over the centuries, the Bill of Rights has kept American citizens liberated and it still does now. The governmental structure explains how the government is split into three branches; the legislative branch, the executive branch, and the judicial branch. Each branch has a certain amount of power over the other so that no one branch can become too powerful. This plan was created by James Madison and it display his wisdom in how it is the same procedure our government follows today. The Constitution is the guidelines that the moral of our country was founded upon. It sets the boundaries for what the government can and cant control, and it sets the standards of freedom for the citizens. The Constitution is currently the highest law in the country being that it prevents the government from becoming too powerful, thus, securing the people a voice. So, in the question â€Å"Is the U.S. Constitution still relevant?†, considering all that it has changed for the better, it may be one of the most relevant pieces of American history today.